How Did Attila the Hun Die

The death of Attila the Hun was an important high point in the waning days of the Roman Empire and how he died is something of a  mystery. Attila ruled the rival Hunnite Empire between the years 434–453 CE, a time when the Roman Empire had ineffective leadership who were struggling to manage their far-flung territories. The combination of Attilas might and Romes troubles proved lethal: Attila was able to conquer many of Romes territories and, finally, Rome itself. Attila the Warrior As the military leader of a central Asian nomadic group called the Huns, Attila was able to bring together multiple tribes of warriors to create vast armies. His ferocious troops would sweep in, decimate whole cities, and claim the territory for their own. Within just ten years, Attila went from leading a group of nomadic tribesmen to leading the (short-lived) Hunnite Empire. At the time of his death in 453 CE, his empire stretched from central Asia across to modern-day France and the Danube Valley. While Attilas achievements were tremendous, his sons were unable to carry on in his footsteps. By 469 CE, the Hunnite Empire had broken apart. Attilas defeat of Roman cities was due in part to his ruthlessness, but also to his willingness to make and break treaties. When dealing with the Romans, Attila first forced concessions from the cities and then attacked them, leaving devastation behind him and taking prisoners as slaves. Attilas Death Sources differ on the exact circumstances of Attilas death, but it seems clear that he died on his wedding night. The primary source for information is the 6th century Gothic monk/historian Jordanes, who had complete access to the writings of the 5th century historian Priscus—only parts of which have survived. According to Jordanes, in 453 CE, Attila had just married his latest wife, a young woman named Ildico, and celebrated with great feasting. In the morning, the guards broke into his room and found him dead in his bed, his bride weeping over him. There was no wound, and it seemed as though Attila had hemorrhaged through his nose, and he choked on his own blood. At the time of his death and since, various scenarios for how Attilas death occurred have been put forward. It is possible that Attila was assassinated by his new wife in a conspiracy with Marcian, rival Emperor of the East, and then that murder was covered up by the guards. It is also possible that he died accidentally as a result of alcohol poisoning or esophageal hemorrhage. The most probable cause, as suggested by the historian Priscus of Panium, is a burst blood vessel—a result of decades of large amounts of alcohol. Burial Attila was buried in three coffins, one nested inside the other; the outer one was of iron, the middle one was of silver, and the inner one was of gold. According to legends of the time, when Attilas body was buried, those who buried him were killed so that his burial place would not be discovered. Though several recent reports have claimed to have discovered Attilas tomb, those claims have proven to be false. To date, no one knows where Attila the Hun is buried. One unverified story suggests that his followers diverted a river, buried Attila, and then allowed the river to return to its course. If that were the case, then Attila the Hun still lies safely buried under a river in Asia. Repercussions Once Attila died, reports Priscus, the men of the army cut their long hair and slashed their cheeks out of grief, so that the greatest of all warriors should be mourned not with tears or the wailing of women but rather with the blood of men. The death of Attila led to the collapse of the Hun Empire. Three of his sons fought among themselves, the army broke up into pieces supporting one or other of the sons, and as a result suffered severe losses. The Roman Empire was now freed from the threat of invasion by the Huns, but it wasnt enough to halt their own inevitable decay. Sources and Further Reading Babcock, Michael A. The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Atilla the Hun. Berkley Books, 2005.  Ecsedy, Ildikà ³. The Oriental Background to the Hungarian Tradition About Attilas Tomb. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 36.1/3 (1982): 129–53. Print.Kelly, Christopher. The End of Empire: Attila the Hun the Fall of Rome. New York: W.W. North, 2006.  Man, John. Attila: The Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome. New York: St. Martins Press, 2005.Priscus of Panium. The Fragmentary History of Priscus: Attila, the Huns and the Roman Empire AD 430–476. Trans: Given, John. Merchantville NJ: Evolution Publishing, 2014.

Strategies to Handle a Disruptive Student

Teachers understand that the time they have with their students is limited. Good teachers maximize their instructional time and minimize distractions. They are experts at handling adversity. They deal with problems quickly and efficiently minimizing the disruptions.The most common distraction in a classroom is a disruptive student. This presents itself in many forms and a teacher must be adequately prepared to address every situation. They must react quickly and appropriately while maintaining the dignity of the student.Teachers should always have a plan or certain strategies they rely on to handle a disruptive student. It is important to realize that every situation will be different. A strategy that works well for one student may set another one off. Individualize the situation and make your decisions based on what you feel will minimize the distraction with that particular student the fastest. Prevention First Prevention is the best way to handle a disruptive student. The first few days of the school year are arguably the most important. They set the tone for the whole school year. Students are feeling out teachers. They will push to see exactly what they are allowed to get away with doing. It is important for teachers to establish those boundaries quickly. Doing so will help deter problems later on down the road. It is also important to start building rapport with your students immediately. Fostering a relationship based on trust with students can go a long way in disruption prevention simply out of mutual respect for one another. Stay Calm and Emotion Free A teacher should never yell at a student or tell a student to â€Å"shut up. While it may temporarily diffuse the situation, it will do more harm than good. Teachers must stay calm when addressing a disruptive student. In many cases, a student is trying to get the teacher to react foolishly. If you stay calm and keep your wits, it can diffuse the situation rather quickly. If you become combative and confrontational, it can escalate the situation making it a potentially dangerous situation. Getting emotional and taking it personally will only be detrimental and ultimately hurts your credibility as a teacher. Be Firm and Direct The worst thing a teacher can do is to ignore a situation that they hope will go away. Do not allow your students to get away with the little things. Immediately confront them about their behavior. Have them tell you what they are doing wrong, why it is a problem, and what the proper behavior is. Educate them on how their behavior impacts others. Students may resist structure early on, but they ultimately embrace it because they feel safe in a structured learning environment. Listen Carefully to Students Do not jump to conclusions. If a student has something to say, then listen to their side. Sometimes, there are things that led to the disruption that you may not have seen. Sometimes there are things going on outside of the classroom that led to the behavior. Sometimes their behavior may be a cry for help and listening to them may allow you to get them some help. Repeat their concerns to them so that they know you have been listening. It may not make a difference in how you handle the situation, but listening may build some trust or provide you with insights into other issues that are more important. Remove the Audience Never intentionally embarrass a student or call them out in front of their classmates. It will do more harm than it will good. Addressing a student individually in the hallway or after class will ultimately be more productive than addressing them in front of their peers. They will be more receptive to what you have to say. They are probably likely to be more open and honest with you. It is important to maintain the dignity of all of your students. No one wants to be called out in front of his or her peers. Doing so ultimately damages your credibility and undermines your authority as a teacher. Give Students Ownership Student ownership offers individual empowerment and potentially has the greatest impact on behavior change. It is easy for teachers to say it is my way or the highway, but allowing students to develop an autonomous plan for behavior correction may be more effective. Give them the opportunity for self-correction. Encourage them to establish individual goals, rewards for meeting those goals, and consequences when they do not. Have the student create and sign a contract detailing these things. Encourage the student to keep a copy in a place that they often see such as their locker, mirror, notebook, etc. Conduct a Parent Meeting Most parents expect their children to behave while they are at school. There are exceptions, but most will be cooperative and helpful in improving the situation. Teachers should have documentation detailing every issue and how it was addressed. You will likely see more positive results if you request that the student sit in on your meeting with their parents. This also prevents he/she said and the teacher said issues. Ask the parents for suggestions from their perspective on how to deal with these issues. They may be able to provide you with strategies that work for them at home. It is important to work together to create a potential solution. Create a Student Behavior Plan A student behavior plan is a written agreement between the student, their parents, and teachers. The plan outlines expected behaviors, provides incentives for behaving appropriately, and consequences for poor behavior. A behavior plan provides a direct plan of action for a teacher if the student continues to be disruptive. This contract should be specifically written to address the issues the teacher sees in class. The plan can also include outside resources for help such as counseling. The plan may be modified or revisited at any time. Get an Administrator Involved Good teachers are able to handle the majority of their own discipline issues. They rarely refer a student to an administrator. In some cases, it becomes a necessity. A student should be sent to the office when a teacher has exhausted every other avenue and/or a student has become such as distraction that it is detrimental to the learning environment. Sometimes, getting an administrator involved may be the only effective deterrent for poor student behavior.  They have a different set of options that may get a student’s attention and help correct the problem. Follow Up Following up can prevent recurrences in the future. If the student has corrected their behavior, then periodically tell them that you are proud of them. Encourage them to keep working hard. Even a little improvement should be recognized. If parents and administrators become involved then let them know how things are going from time to time as well. As a teacher, you are the one in the trenches seeing first hand what is going on. Providing positive updates and feedback can help ensure a good working relationship in the future.

Privacy And Security Privacy Vs. Security - 1503 Words

Privacy versus Security Privacy is something that is valuable, and gives trust to both sides. Everyone is endowed with some degree of privacy, right? The debate of the topic privacy versus security has been going on for a while. Most people believe privacy is more important, giving people the chance to be relaxed without anyone watching them, literally or figuratively speaking. Governments believe that security is more important, claiming it will help with terrorism and lower the crime rate. If we allow this to happen, then as an example, the government could monitor our phones conversations, what web sites we visit, the games or programs we download, even where we go throughout our day by tracking us on the GPS unit in our smartphones. Privacy is more important than security because students around the globe want to feel their governments, their employers, and their friends do not need to have cameras or GPS units monitor their every move. Governments asking for master keys for the products their citiz ens use does not instill a feeling of trust by the government in its citizens, it instills fear and resentment. Many european countries have positioned themselves in a way that allows them to monitor their citizens, dictate lifestyles to their citizens, control access to the internet, and manipulate what the media talks about or the positions that are supported. Much of this is done in the name of security for the greater good of all its citizens, and many of those sameShow MoreRelatedThe Security Vs. Privacy1537 Words   |  7 Pages1. At stake are two forces representing a critical dilemma of the post-2001 world: security vs. privacy. Fighting for security, the FBI is seeking â€Å"backdoor† access to the iPhone in question that was used by one of the two suspects in the San Bernardino shooting in December 2015. Defending privacy is Apple, Inc., designer and marketer of the Apple iPhone. 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Heart Is A Lonely Hunter By Carson free essay sample

Mccullerss Essay, Research Paper The Heart is a Alone Hunter by Carson McCullers is a fresh set in a little Southern town in the late 1930 # 8217 ; s. McCullers writes about characters who are lonely and rejected. their lives intertwine in a hunt for friendly relationship and apprehension. Many of the characters have a demand to be understood, nevertheless ; none of them of all time genuinely are. One of the characters in the novel, Jake Blount, searches for a sympathetic ear. He appears in the New York Cafe rummy and rowdy speaking to everyone and no 1. He talks so much the # 8220 ; words came out of his pharynx like a cataract # 8221 ; ( 13 ) . He invariably talks to everyone trusting person will take the clip to truly listen and understand. His words come out # 8220 ; as though a dam interior him has broken # 8221 ; ( 20 ) . Ironically, the 1 he thinks understands him is a deaf-and-dumb person named John Singer. He tells Singer, # 8220 ; You # 8217 ; re the lone 1 in this town who catches what I mean. We will write a custom essay sample on Heart Is A Lonely Hunter By Carson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . . because I know you understand the things I privation to intend # 8221 ; ( 59 ) . Jake Blount merely assumes Singer understands him. Singer neer gives him ground to believe otherwise. Nevertheless, Singer writes about Blount in a missive to Antonapoulos, # 8220 ; The 1 with the moustache I think is brainsick # 8221 ; ( 183 ) . He besides writes Antonapoulos that Blount thinks # 8220 ; he and I have a secret together but I do non cognize what it is # 8221 ; ( 183 ) . Jake Blount thinks Singer understands him when he really does non. Another character seeking for apprehension is Dr. Benedict Mady Copeland. Dr. Copeland is a black physician with thoughts that on one seems to understand regardless of how difficult he tries to do them grok. His girl, Portia, says that when she was a miss, he was # 8220 ; all the clip analyzing by hisself # 8221 ; ( 41 ) . Dr. Copeland is good educated and this separates him from the remainder of his household. They do non understand why he has ever felt the demand to educate them. At a Christmas party, Dr. Copeland negotiations to the invitees about Karl Marx and tungsten hat he stood for. When he asks if everyone understands, they reply that they do. This makes him inquire if they are replying this manner merely to delight him. He finally turns to Mr. Singer for understanding. Dr. Copeland thinks Mr. Singer is wise and understands # 8220 ; the strong true intent in a manner that other white work forces could non # 8221 ; ( 114 ) . Mr. Singer admits in a missive to Antonapoulos that he in fact does non understand. John Singer is another character who feels a demand for understanding. He is a deaf-and-dumb person that everyone else seems to turn to when they need to vent their feelings. Singer does non pass on frequently unless by pen. He normally watches what everyone else has to say. Singer is in demand of understanding merely every bit much as the other characters but has no 1 with whom he can portion his feelings. His deaf-and-dumb friend, Antonapoulos, seems to be the merely individual who he can truly # 8220 ; talk # 8221 ; to even though he does non rather grok everything Singer tells him. Singer and Antonapoulos have been friends for 10 old ages and although Antonapoulos does non try to pass on with Singer unless he is hungry or sleepy, Singer continues to state him everything that is on his head. Singer assumes an understanding in Antonapoulos. In his missive to Antonapoulos Singer tells him, # 8220 ; I do non understand, so I write it to you because I think you will understand # 8221 ; ( 184 ) . He besides tells Antonapoulos that he wants to see him because # 8220 ; I am non meant to be entirely and without you who understand # 8221 ; ( 185 ) . McCullers # 8217 ; characters have the demand to be understood. Most think they find understanding in Singer, a deaf-and-dumb person who truly understands nil. Singer thinks the merely one he can pass on with is Antonapoulos, his deaf-and-dumb friend who is normally interested in everything but what Singer has to state. Throughout the novel, these characters search for something to make full their feelings of solitariness and rejection but in the terminal neer find it.